Poster design 13/09/2023:
I experimented with Adobe Illustrator using this poster. This poster was created by A.M. Cassandre in 1930. The tools that were used were the pen tools, symbols, and paintbrush tools. I added two layers to this design. I added two triangles in the background to add more patterns. A.M. Cassandre was a French painter, poster artist, and typeface designer. Cassandre's main art style was Art Deco, becoming iconic images of that era. He used stencils and an airbrush to draw cubism and futurism. Cassandre's designs influenced advertising art in the first half of the 20th century. I picked this image because I liked the buildings shown in the poster and the birds were interesting. This poster is suitable for a practice exercise because the design is simple, has basic colours, and includes good architecture.
Camera experimentation 14/09/2023:
For this picture, I changed the shooting mode to aperture priority, the shutter speed for this image is 1/2000. The aperture is f/2, and the ISO is 150. The background is more white and blurrier than the original.
For this picture, the shooting mode is aperture priority, the shutter speed is 1/2000, the aperture is f/1.4, and the ISO is 400.
Shooting mode for this image is shutter priority. The shutter speed is 1/2000, the aperture is f/8, and the ISO is 1600.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research PowerPoint:
Photography definitions:
ISO is a camera setting that darkens or brightens a photo. By Increasing your ISO number your photo will get darker, ISO can also help you capture images in darker environments.
Shutter speed is the length of time the camera shutter is open while it takes a photo. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure, while a slow shutter gives the photographer a longer exposure.
Aperture refers to the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter a camera.
Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo which looks sharp. A shallow depth of field means a small area in focus, the background is often blurred. A deep depth of field creates a larger area in focus, often keeping everything in the image sharp and clear.
White balance is a camera setting that establishes the true colour of white. This can be automatically set by the camera or manually set by the user.
The two main focus modes on a camera are manual and autofocus. With manual focus, you just have to adjust the focus of the lens by hand using the focus ring. Manual focus is best for astrophotography, macro, and stills. Autofocus allows you to use an internal lens and camera software to focus. Autofocus is the best for wildlife, sports, and street photography.
Audience theory 18/09/2023
Hypodermic syringe theory:
The hypodermic syringe theory is an approach to the effects of media on the audience's behaviour. This theory believes that media is 'injected' into the audiences and changes their views and behaviour. This theory is based on observations of the effects of mass media in the 1930's.
Cultivation theory:
This theory suggests that repeated exposure to television can over time influence the audience's worldview and perception of reality. An example of the cultivation theory is that if an audience has been long-term exposed to violence they'll be used to it, rather than an audience that hasn't experienced it.
Two-step flow theory:
The two-step flow theory is a theory created by Katz and Lazarsfeld in 1955. This theory says that most people form opinions under the influence of opinion leaders. Opinion leaders are influenced by the mass media, which helps shape individuals in society and these opinion leaders pass on their own interpretations.
Uses and gratification theory:
This theory is a mass communication theory that focuses on the needs, gratification, and motives of media users. In this theory, it says that media consumers are passive consumers of mass communication, playing an active role in media consumption.
Michal Batory research and practical 18/09/2023:
Michal Batory is a graphist and poster designer. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Lodz in the Department of Graphic Arts. Michal Batory has been an independent graphic designer since 1994.
I first removed the background of the table, copying and pasting the bread onto a white background. Next, I used the eraser tool to remove the table's original legs. If I could do something better next time, I would smooth out the table edges, making them more neater. Finally, I created a gradient on a plain document and then added it to the table. I made this image using Photoshop. I chose to use bread as the table legs because it has a solid foundation and is a similar colour to the table. The tools I used to create this were the eraser, paintbrush, gradient tool, and type tool, I used the Bodoni font.
Digital image types 20/09/2023:
A higher resolution means that there are more pixels per inch, creating a high-quality, crisp image. Images with lower resolutions have fewer pixels, which can cause the image to look fuzzy and blurry.
A PNG is a graphic file format, PNGs are used best for screenshots, logos, and lossless compression. Some advantages of using a PNG;
- Lossless compression
- Supports transparency
- Good for editing images
- Supports a large number of colours, suitable for different types of digital images
The main characteristics of a PNG file are that it supports transparency, and the format of choice used on the web, but it has no animation, unlike GIF. GIFS is a digital file format, gifs are lossless compression formats. It quickly became popular for storing and transmitting files.
Example of a PNG image
SVG is an image format and a web vector program. SVG uses vector data instead of relying on unique pixels. Jpeg and Jpg formats are the same, the only difference they both have is that earlier versions of Windows operating systems had a maximum 3-letter word limit when it came down to file names. Jpgs are the most commonly used formats in digital cameras. A few advantages of jpg;
- Easy uploading on web pages because of the compatibility and portability
- Enables flexible image size
- Can be converted to other file formats, such as 'jiff' or 'jif'
- Support with 24-bit colours provides high-definition and vibrant images
Example of a JPG image
JPEGs are a type of file format that uses compression to store data. JPEG is the most common graphics format used for photos, some of the top benefits of JPEGs are;
- Portable
- Save space because of small file sizes
- Compatible with almost all devices, no need to change software
- Easily converted
- Supported by most web browsers
Example of a jpeg image
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Event's mind map 20/09/2023:
The theme for my mind map is Fashion, I researched different companies' shows and added it to my mind map using Canva. I narrowed it down to four events.
Topic research:
Versace Spring 1995, models such as Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell, and Claudia Schiffer walked in the Spring ready-to-wear collection. I looked at past Vogue and Versace 90's covers for inspiration for my magazine cover. I researched the number of models, colours, and dresses included in the show.
Formal elements of photography 21/09/2023:
The seven elements of formal photography are
- Line - In photography, lines are used to create a visual and convey a message to their audience Lines can be used to grab the reader's attention and create a sense of movement and depth. When using lines in photography it's important to consider what type of line you'll be using. Horizontal lines create a sense of calmness, while vertical lines can create structure and strength. Diagonal and curved lines create energy and elegance, by using these different line types you can create a range of moods and feelings with your audience.
- Shape- Shape photography is the two-dimensional shape appearance of objects as your camera captures them, they can be measured by height or width. Shapes have different elements, geometric shapes being a good example of architectural photography. Circles, squares and triangles are geometric shapes that are used in shape photography. Shapes are used everywhere in photography, for example, in nature photography with the curve of a leaf.
- Texture- Texture photography is all about colour, depth and patterns. Texture adds depth to an image and entices the viewers. There are 4 types of textures in art theory, actual, simulated, abstract and invented textures. When capturing texture in photography, it's important to get the lighting right, create sharper images and think about the colour composition. Colours can attract attention and convey a certain mood. Nature photography is another great example when working with textures, trees and water work well when capturing textures in photography.
- Form- Form photography refers to when a shape takes on three dimensions, form is created by shadows or a highlight on an object in the photograph. Examples of elements in form photography include; colour, depth, light, and angles.
- Colour- Colour photography has three properties, hue, value, and saturation. Hue is the pigment of colour, value describes the brightness of the colour and saturation is the intensity or purity of a colour. Colour in photography makes a big impact on the viewer's perception and emotional response, it also contributes to the effectiveness of an image. The elements of colour photography are; tints, complementary colours, colour intensity and tints and shades. These contribute to adding interest and contrast to an image.
- Tone- Tone refers to the brightness in a picture, from solid black to pure white. Dark tones are the shadowed areas in a photograph, and light tones are the highlighted areas in a photo. In photography, tones can be used to convey an emotion or mood.
- Pattern- Pattern is the repetition of similar shapes and objects within the photo. Pattern photography gives the audience a different perspective and adds to the image composition. Geometric, irregular and abstract patterns are often seen in pattern photography, and macro lenses are common when photographing geometric patterns.
My own pictures from the Tate Modern of formal photography elements:
This oil painting has some colours and lines. It was created by Vantongerloo who had a mathematical approach to creating abstract art. Rouge refers to the fact that the upper row of vertical stripes is red and the lower row is green.
Made by Jason Pollock, this painting was on display at the Tate Modern, The faces reference masks and carvings of Native American artists. It has a wide range of colours and patterns. Pollock believed their work reflected fundamental human fears and desires.
Composition photography 21/09/2023:
The rule of thirds is the process of dividing an image into thirds, using two horizontal and two vertical lines. This divides your viewfinder into 9 parts, placing the subject where the line intersects which creates a more powerful composition. This creates visual balance and flow, and it also helps to frame the horizon line in an image.
Leading lines: Leading lines are lines in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw in the viewers to a specific point of interest. There are 4 types of leading lines in photography, horizontal, vertical, diagonal and converging lines. This is used to direct the viewer's attention, creating a focal point and establishing visual symmetry.
Symmetry: Symmetry appears when equal parts of your composition mirror each other. Symmetry can be found mostly in architecture and nature, it's balanced, clean, and proportional. There are three types of symmetry, horizontal, vertical and radial.
Framing: The process of composing a picture, it involves choosing what to include in the frame to create a pleasing composition that directs the audience's attention. Framing uses composition using natural or artificial elements to create a visual frame inside the image. Framing can increase the visual impact of an image, it can draw the reader's attention to the subject, adding depth and creating a sense of context within a photo.
Depth of field: The depth of field in a photo refers to the distance of the closest and farthest objects that appear sharp in an image. Depth of field differs based on the aperture, camera type, and focusing distance. Landscapes, group portraits, cityscapes, products, and vehicles is the best type of photography for depth of field. Shallow and deep are the two types of depth of field.
Viewpoint: Viewpoint refers to the position the photo is taken from, placing your camera relative to a subject. It also means how you compose a shot and relate objects within that composition When shooting viewpoints in photography, it's important to consider; lenses, possible viewpoints, camera tilting, and creating simplicity with your photos.
Bird's eye view: A point in photography in which the image is shot from a high point, giving the image a different perspective. To capture a bird's eye shot you can shoot from a tall building, helicopter, mountain or hill. When shooting a bird's eye shot it's important to use different photo compositions and to try different angles to see a change in perspective.
Lighting definitions 21/09/2023:
Key lighting is the main source of light in your scene. Key lighting is most often placed in front of your object, illuminating it from one side at an angle. Key lighting photography exposes and highlights the shapes, dimensions, and forms of a subject that appear on the screen. This is an example of key lighting:
Fill lighting is the secondary light of a traditional 3-point light setup, the fill light is positioned opposite the key lighting to fill in the shadows the key light creates. The fill light's role in a traditional 3-point light setup is to determine depth, contrast, and shadows.
A hair light is a studio lighting setup that focuses the light on the model's hair, this gives the hair a more defined and glossy look. This light is generally set up behind the model, with the light angled down and slightly forward to strike the top of the head and shoulders. A hair light is really important if you're shooting a model with dark hair against a dark background. Hair lights make a big difference by adding interest and highlights to the model's hair.
A background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set, it also separates the subject and the background. This effect produces a glow or rim of the subject at the back, the glow at the back leaves the rest of the subject in a shadow, or weakened light.
Camera-mounted flash is a good way to add light to your scene, using flash is useful for event photography and can help add light where it's needed. Flash is also used to illuminate subjects in low-light conditions or indoor lighting scenarios.
Rembrandt lighting can be shot using short or broad lighting, this technique could use one light and reflector or two separate lights. Placing your subject more than 90 degrees away from the light source will be the head height of your source. Rembrandt lighting can also be used to create a moody or mysterious portrait.
Loop lighting creates a circular shadow on the subject's face just under the shadow. By placing the key light 45 degrees to the side of the subject and raising it above their eye line, you can achieve this. Loop lighting can create a natural and flattering look, also defining facial features.
Butterfly lighting is where the key light is placed above and pointing down at the subject's face, creating a dramatic shadow under the nose and the chin that looks like a butterfly. Butterfly lighting is perfect for portrait photography and is the most flattering lighting technique for sculpting facial features.
Broad lighting is used when you photograph a well-lit portion of a person's face, primarily used for portrait photography. Broad lighting is commonly used for an illuminated effect, widening a subject's face, and more contrast against a background.
Photographer research 25/09/2023:
Imogen Cunningham was born in Oregon, on 12th April 1883. Imogen was an American photographer best known for her portraits and images of plant life. Imogen photographed botanical imagery, industrial imagery, and street photography. She also photographed political figures and movie stars for Vanity Fair in the 1950s and '60s. One of the more well-known images is the 'Magnolia Blossom' photographed in 1925. The magnolia blossom highlights the idea of nature as art. In 1970, Imogen Cunnigham received an honorary Fine Arts degree from the California College of Arts and Crafts, she was also the first recipient of the Dorothea Lange award.
Robert Mapplethorpe was born in New York, 4th November 1946. He was an American photographer best known for his black-and-white photographs. His work featured celebrity portraits, self-portraits, and still-life images. Mapplethorpe was interested in using symmetry and beauty in his works. He used colour contrasts and cinematic lighting in some of his works, Mapplethorpe listed Michelangelo as his main inspiration. Some of Mapplethorpe's work is considered to be controversial because of his graphic depictions of nude bodies. He also worked in sculptures, films, and combines and was hired to be a magazine photographer.
The reason I picked this photograph was because of the use of dark lighting. In this image, Mapplethorpe darkens the lower half of her body, bringing the main focus of light to her face.
Born in New Jersey, on January 19th 1954, Cindy Sherman is an American artist, her work is mainly self-portraits. Cindy's Untitled film stills are made up of over 69 black and white photos made between 1977 and 1980. She used herself as a model in these pictures, creating different personalities using wigs, vintage clothing, and makeup. Her work challenged cultural stereotypes used in media. During the 1980s, she began to use colour film and concentrated more on facial expressions and lighting. In 1997, Sherman directed a dark, comedic film,' Office Killer'. Cindy continued to use juxtapositions in her work going into the 2000s with a series of photographs where she posed as a Hollywood woman with overblown makeup. Cindy Sherman has won several awards, including a Wolf Prize in Arts and a Hasselblad award. In 2016 she was also awarded the Praemium Imperiale prize for painting. Sherman was inspired by film noirs, Hollywood pictures and B movies.
Eliot Porter was born in Illinois, USA, on 6th December 1901. He was an American photographer best known for his colour photographs of nature. Eliot became interested in photography from a young age, photographing birds and landscapes with a Kodak box camera. He was one of the first artists to work with colour photography, building a popular reputation for vibrant images of the natural world. Studying chemical engineering at Harvard, Porter then took up a career as a biochemical researcher at Harvard. Porter was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in 1941 for his photography of birds, his bird photographs were the first colour photographs exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1943. His most famous pieces of work are;
Fractured obsidian, 1975
Birch trees on a cliff, September 1963
Styles of type 25/09/2023:
A Sans serif is a typeface designed without serifs. The Jeep logo is a well-known example of a sans-serif font.
This is an example of an engraving script.
The RGB colour model consists of three primary colours, red, blue, and green. In additive displays, light is used to display colours, this is why the RGB colour model is mainly used for light-based devices, such as digital cameras and TVs. Some advantages of the RGB colour model is
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Broad lighting
Using the studio, we experimented with different lighting and angles including loop lighting. The experimentation overall went well, we took turns and switched over from the camera to being in front of the camera. Following the guide of the lighting sheet, step by step the group adjusted the lighting and the camera.
Advertising photography is a marketing strategy that promotes their items to their targeted audience. The main purpose of this type of photography is to inform their clientele or influence potential customers to buy their products. Billboards are a great way to promote and sell products, bringing in more customers when advertising on a busy street or tourist attraction. Fashion advertising creates jobs, and also creates a special market for clothing. Online advertising is a popular way to attract customers using social media platforms.
1990's
2000's to present day
A serif is a font with small strokes or extensions at the end of its longer strokes.
A slab serif is a font where the serif is squared off, giving the font a blocky, sturdy, appearance.
Handwritten script
Legibility and colour systems 27/09/2023:
CMYK colours are a combination of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, printers often present colours using the CMYK scale. The key, meaning black is the main colour in the scale because it's used to determine the image colour outcome. Black ink creates a different depth and shading, whereas the other colours create a different colour depending on how they're mixed. PDFs are the best file format for CMYK because they are the most compatible. CMYK is useful for advertising, product packaging, creating business cards, stationary and posters. The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colours on a lighter or white background. The CMYK colour wheel is primarily used for printed material and uses ink to display colour.
The RGB colour model consists of three primary colours, red, blue, and green. In additive displays, light is used to display colours, this is why the RGB colour model is mainly used for light-based devices, such as digital cameras and TVs. Some advantages of the RGB colour model is
- Easy to implement
- The base colour for many applications
- Practical system
- No transformations are required to display data on the screen.
RGB colour model is mostly used in television, cameras, and computer graphics.
Lighting and Photography Practical 28/09/2023:
Loop lighting
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Split lighting
Using the studio, we experimented with different lighting and angles including loop lighting. The experimentation overall went well, we took turns and switched over from the camera to being in front of the camera. Following the guide of the lighting sheet, step by step the group adjusted the lighting and the camera.
Fashion Photography 02/10/2023:
Fashion photography focuses on clothes, items, lighting, and poses. There are many different types of fashion photography, such as;
- High fashion
- Catalogue
- Black and white photography
- Street Fashion
- Runway
These are just a few of the examples that you can use when creating a fashion photography piece. Location and poses bring the audience's attention to the clothes being shown, for example balancing on an object draws attention to the garment or item being promoted. The photo's location can convey a story to the audience about the clothing.
Editorial fashion is mostly featured in magazines and books. Based on a particular theme, it can show the current trends or tell a story through these images. Editorial fashion is mainly set in a location instead of a studio because it's easier to match the mood of the background with natural light. Here are two examples of fashion editorials.
Advertising photography is a marketing strategy that promotes their items to their targeted audience. The main purpose of this type of photography is to inform their clientele or influence potential customers to buy their products. Billboards are a great way to promote and sell products, bringing in more customers when advertising on a busy street or tourist attraction. Fashion advertising creates jobs, and also creates a special market for clothing. Online advertising is a popular way to attract customers using social media platforms.
Beauty photography involves shooting the subject close up, highlighting their attractive features for commercial or personal reasons. Beauty photography can be used to convey the subject's emotions or promote a product. When shooting the subject for beauty photos it's important to consider the camera angles, shots, and lighting to highlight the model's features.
1950's
1960's
1970's
1980's
1990's
2000's to present day
In the 1950's, fashion photography was elegant, featuring evening dresses, ball gowns and patterned designs. Curled hair and brightly coloured lipstick were often seen in clothing magazines. Chanel and Dior grew in popularity with their evening wear, advertising beautiful and simple designs. The '60s was when fashion started changing, bizarre, bright colours were seen in fashion magazines, such as Vogue and Harper's Bazaar. Patterns came into style as fashion icons like Twiggy were wearing crazy, fun colours. Blue and green eye shadow became trendy, and the 1960s was described as 'the decade of colour'. In the 1970s, from fashion to flares and bell sleeves, fashion icons like Jane Birkin embraced glamour and disco. Jumpsuits, mini skirts, and bell bottoms began trending and it became all the rage. 70s makeup was mainly glitter and eyeshadow, creating a glamorous, simple look for the evening. Vivienne Westwood influenced Punk fashion in America and Great Britain, with her edgy designs, such as platform shoes and bondage pants. Diane Von Furstenberg's creation of the wrap jersey dress, quickly became popular amongst women for its relaxed fit that's still in style even today. defined a decade of style that's still seen on today's runways.
Google form results 11/10/2023:
Final products and evaluation 11/10/2023:
My project was based on the Versace Spring 1995 ready-to-wear collection, I used pictures from the Vogue website and cut out the model's faces, creating a faceless look for this poster. My targeted audience for this project was people who are interested in Versace, and fashion and who would want to watch their favourite models in these iconic designs. My aim for this project was to create a sense of interest in my event, I chose this event mainly for the dresses and the models walking in the show. Popular models like Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell and Shalom Harlow could attract any potential fans to my project.
I created this using Adobe Indesign and Photoshop, and I used Adobe Express to cut off the white background of the Versace logo. I chose to make this poster in black and white to make it a basic and simple design, going off the theme of the '90s. For the font, I used Didot and the old standard italic for a classy design. I choose models with shorter hair to make it easier to cut off their faces using the eraser and mask tool, using the paintbrush tool to smooth out any edges. For my secondary research, I used Versace as my inspiration, looking into the history of the company, and the designs of modern clothes. In my primary research, I used fashion Google Forms to conduct my research.
The initial plan I had for my final products changed towards the end, I had to choose between 4 events, including Chanel's 1992 fall collection. I used a mind map to write down my ideas and what to do first. Something I think went well when making these products is the primary and secondary research. My research influenced my final products because of the opinions of my peers. I used their survey answers to consider how my poster would turn out. One of my problems with the graphic poster was choosing which design to include on my poster, I had to change the pictures if the hair or legs were cut out. I created a PowerPoint and added all my initial ideas, final products, taglines and my audience demographic. When creating my project collage, I used Adobe Photoshop. Using the pictures from the Vogue website and finding additional images on Pinterest, I created a range of different pictures of my favourite designs.
For my social media header, I used Photoshop and Adobe Express, and I used my photo collage for the header. For the background, I used a light blue colour to switch it up from the black and white colours, making it more fun. I used a Twitter template to make my header, focusing on the top half of the header. If I were to repeat the process again, I would make the header less messy, as it has a white background left over from the logo's original image.
Photographic advertisement poster:
My own original pictures before adding the text:
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